Second-order conditioning of fear
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Second-order conditioning in Drosophila.
Associative conditioning in Drosophila melanogaster has been well documented for several decades. However, most studies report only simple associations of conditioned stimuli (CS, e.g., odor) with unconditioned stimuli (US, e.g., electric shock) to measure learning or establish memory. Here we describe a straightforward second-order conditioning (SOC) protocol that further demonstrates the flex...
متن کاملSome parameters of the second-order conditioning of fear in rats.
The effects of CS1 duration, partial reinforcement, and trace conditioning on second-order conditioned suppression were investigated, employing 64 rats as Ss. In Experiment 1, the clearest second-order conditioning was obtained when CS1 duration was the same during both the firstand the second-order conditioning phases of the experiment. In Experiment 2, somewhat better second-order conditionin...
متن کاملFailure of extinction of fear responses in posttraumatic stress disorder: evidence from second-order conditioning.
OBJECTIVES Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by the re-experiencing of a traumatic event, although the trauma itself occurred in the past. The extinction of the traumatic response might be impeded if trauma reminders maintain fear responses by their association with the original trauma through second-order conditioning. METHOD A differential conditioning paradigm with a tr...
متن کاملSecond-order conditioning of human causal learning
This article provides the Wrst demonstration of a reliable second-order conditioning (SOC) eVect in human causal learning tasks. It demonstrates the human ability to infer relationships between a cause and an eVect that were never paired together during training. Experiments 1a and 1b showed a clear and reliable SOC eVect, while Experiments 2a and 2b demonstrated that Wrst-order extinction did ...
متن کاملSecond-order olfactory-mediated fear-potentiated startle.
Recently, we reported that discrete (4-sec) olfactory cues paired with footshock serve as effective conditioned stimuli (CSs) for potentiating the acoustic startle response in rats using the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Because odors are such salient cues for the rat, and because of the robust olfactory conditioning observed previously, the current studies investigated second-order fear c...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Psychonomic Science
سال: 1964
ISSN: 0033-3131,2197-9952
DOI: 10.3758/bf03342969